Mansa Kankou Moussa l’homme le plus riche de tous les temps était Africain
Mansa Kankou Moussa l’homme le plus riche de tous les temps était Africain
Le Saviez-vous ?: L’Africain Mansa Moussa est l’Homme le PLUS RICHE de Tous les Temps avec une Fortune estimée à 400 Milliards de Dollars ! El Hajj Mansa Musa, un souverain immensément riche.
Mansa Moussa ou Kankou Moussa est le dixième « mansa » (roi des rois) de l’empire du Mali de 1312 à 1332 ou 1337.
Lors de son accession au trône, l’empire du Mali est constitué de territoires ayant appartenu à l’empire du Ghana et à Melle (Mali) ainsi que les zones environnantes. Moussa porte de nombreux titres, émir de Melle, seigneur des mines de Wangara, ou conquérant de Ghanata, de Fouta-Djalon et d’au moins une douzaine d’autres régions.
Il porte l’Empire du Mali à son apogée, du Fouta-Djalon à Agadez et sur les terres de l’ancien Empire du Ghana. Il établit des relations diplomatiques suivies avec le Portugal, le Maroc, la Tunisie et l’Égypte. Son règne correspond à l’âge d’or de l’empire malien.
Il est considéré comme l’un des hommes les plus riches de l’Histoire, voire le plus riche, sa fortune étant estimée à l’équivalent de 400 milliards de dollars ou 310 milliards d’euros actuels. Kanga Moussa signifie « Moussa, fils de Kankou hamidou » en référence à sa mère, les mandingues étaient à cette époque une société matriarcale, d’autres variantes de ce nom sont Kankou Moussa et Kankan Moussa.
Il est la plupart du temps désigné sous le nom de Mansa Moussa dans les textes historiques européens et dans la littérature. D’autres variantes de son nom telles que Mali-koy Kankan Moussa, Gonga Moussa et le « lion du Mali » existent.
« Mansa »(signifie « roi des rois ») Kanga Moussa, souverain africain du 14ème siècle, régna sur le vaste Empire du Mali. L’histoire nous rapporte qu’il a vraisemblablement amassé une fortune colossale au point qu’il serait, selon les spécialistes de la question, l’une des personnes les plus riches qui n’ait jamais vécu.
Roi bâtisseur de nombreuses mosquées et madrasas, il fit de Tombouctou un centre de rayonnement culturel, islamique et économique. Il porte l’empire du Mali à son apogée et tisse des relations diplomatiques avec tous ses voisins territoriaux; c’est l’apogée d’un des plus grands royaumes d’Afrique de l’ouest.
Il est aujourd’hui considéré comme l’un des hommes les plus riches de l’Histoire, voir le plus riche et sa fortune est estimée à l’équivalent de 400 milliards de dollars, soit prés de 310 milliards d’euros actuels.
Kanga Moussa était un musulman pieux et le récit de son pèlerinage à la Mecque a étendu sa renommée dans toute l’Afrique du Nord jusqu’au au Moyen-Orient. Pour Moussa, l’islam était « une entrée dans le monde culturel de la Méditerranée orientale ». Il a, par son action et sa politique, contribué à accroître l’influence de la religion musulmane au sein de son empire.
Kanga Moussa a effectué son pèlerinage en 1324; son cortège comportait plus de 60.000 hommes, il dura 1 ans et parcourra 3200 km. Une suite aussi impressionnante que fastueuse qui marqua toutes les régions qu’elle parcourait. Au moins 80 chameaux composaient cette imposante caravane et transportaient chacun entre 50 et 300 livres (entre 25 et 130 kg)de poussière d’or. En effet, l’Empire du Mali ne connaît pas la monnaie, seule la poudre d’or est d’usage dans les transactions.
Moussa a distribué de l’or aux nécessiteux rencontrés sur sa route. Le monarque a également fait présent d’une partie de sa richesse aux villes qu’il traversa sur le chemin en direction de la Mecque. Il a été rapporté qu’il ordonna la construction d’une mosquée chaque vendredi ,quelle que soit la localité étape ce jour là.
Les témoignages du célèbre voyage du prospère Mansa se retrouvent dans diverses sources orales et écrites. Les faits historiques disponibles sur l’empire du Mali proviennent essentiellement des écrits des savants arabes ayant voyagé dans les contrées sahelienne tels: Al-Umari, Abu-sa’id Uthman ad-Dukkali, Ibn Khaldoun, et Ibn Battuta notamment.
Selon l’histoire des dynasties maliennes décrites par Ibn-Khaldoun, le grand-père de Kanga Moussa est Abou-Bakr (soit probablement Bakari ou Bogari au Mali), un frère de Soundiata Keïta, le fondateur de l’empire du Mali selon les traditions orales. Kanga Moussa parvient au pouvoir grâce à la pratique de la représentation qui veut qu’un dauphin du roi soit désigné en son absence lors de son pèlerinage à la Mecque. Ainsi Moussa est choisi en tant que représentant, puis prend le pouvoir. Son fils, Mansa Maghan deviendra aussi roi du Mali grâce à cette tradition.
Les récits des témoins oculaires de cette vaste et riche procession ont marqué les esprits durant des siècles alimentant ainsi la légende du roi des rois, Mansa Moussa.
Moussa est connu pour avoir visité le sultan mamelouk d’Égypte, An-Nâsir Muhammad ben Qalâ’ûn, en Juillet 1324.
Mais les actions généreuses de Moussa en faveur des économies des régions qu’il traversait a eu pour conséquence d’y entraîner la dévaluation du métal précieux durant plus d’une décennie. La cause : cette affluence soudaine de quantités d’or, notamment au Caire, à Médine et à la Mecque. Les prix des biens et des marchandises ont fortement gonflé. C’est la seule fois dans l’histoire méditerranéenne recensée qu’un seul homme détient le contrôle du cours de l’or dans une aussi vaste zone d’influence.
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